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    Kotlin
    Java

    • Anonymous Classes : 42

    • Practice with Interfaces : 41

    • Implementing Interfaces : 40

    • Using Interfaces : 39

    • Working with Exceptions : 38

    • Throwing Exceptions : 37

    • Catching Exceptions : 36

    • References and Polymorphism : 35

    • References : 34

    • Data Modeling 2 : 33

    • Equality and Object Copying : 32

    • Polymorphism : 31

    • Inheritance : 30

    • Data Modeling 1 : 29

    • Static : 28

    • Encapsulation : 27

    • Constructors : 26

    • Objects, Continued : 25

    • Introduction to Objects : 24

    • Compilation and Type Inference : 23

    • Practice with Collections : 22

    • Maps and Sets : 21

    • Lists and Type Parameters : 20

    • Imports and Libraries : 19

    • Multidimensional Arrays : 18

    • Practice with Strings : 17

    • null : 16

    • Algorithms and Strings : 15

    • Strings : 14

    • Functions and Algorithms : 13

    • Practice with Functions : 12

    • More About Functions : 11

    • Errors and Debugging : 10

    • Functions : 9

    • Practice with Loops and Algorithms : 8

    • Algorithms I : 7

    • Loops : 6

    • Arrays : 5

    • Compound Conditionals : 4

    • Conditional Expressions and Statements : 3

    • Operations on Variables : 2

    • Variables and Types : 1

    • Hello, world! : 0

    Practice with Interfaces

    import java.util.Iterator;
    public class Countdown implements Iterable, Iterator {
    private int start;
    public Countdown(int setStart) {
    start = setStart;
    }
    public Iterator iterator() {
    return this;
    }
    public Integer next() {
    return start--;
    }
    public boolean hasNext() {
    return start >= 0;
    }
    }
    Countdown countdown = new Countdown(8);
    for (Object value : countdown) {
    System.out.println(value);
    }

    Next we’ll get more practice working with interfaces. We’ll move past our friend Comparable and look at two new Java interfaces that allow us to integrate with a built-in language feature—the enhanced for loop. Super cool! Let’s go…

    Iterable and Iterator
    Iterable and Iterator

    Now let’s have more fun with interfaces. Remember the enhanced Java for loop:

    // Note that Java won't both convert the int literal to a long and box it
    // No clue why
    Long[] longs = new Long[] {1L, 2L, 5L};
    for (long value : longs) {
    System.out.println(value);
    }

    So it turns out that we can implement our own classes that can be used in the enhanced for loop. Pretty cool! Let’s look at the interfaces that are required and consider how they work. We’ll examine them both at once, since they are really designed to work together:

    Random Number Iterator
    Random Number Iterator

    Now let’s put what we know to use to build a simple random number generator. We’ll create a class that can be used on the right side of a for loop and generates a certain number of random int values.

    // Random int Iterable

    A Few Improvements
    A Few Improvements

    Next, let’s look at a few improvements to our iterable random number generator based on what we’ve already done.

    // Random int Iterable

    Practice: String Length Comparable Parameterized

    Created By: Geoffrey Challen
    / Version: 2021.10.0

    Create a public class named MyString. MyString should provide a public constructor that accepts a single String argument. You should reject null Strings in your constructor using assert.

    MyString should also implement the Java Comparable<MyString> interface, returning 1 for a positive result and -1 for a negative result. Normally Strings are compared lexicographically: "aaa" comes before "z". MyString should compare instances based on the length of its stored String. So MyString("aaa") should come after MyString("z"), since "aaa" is longer than "z".

    You will probably need to review the documentation for Comparable. Because we are using the type parameter MyString to the Comparable interface, compareTo accepts an MyString as an argument. The MyString passed to compareTo will not be null.

    Homework: Both Greater Comparable

    Created By: Geoffrey Challen
    / Version: 2021.10.0

    Create a class named BothGreater that stores two int values set by the constructor. Neither should be publicly visible. BothGreater should also implement the Java Comparable<BothGreater> interface, returning 1 for a positive result and -1 for a negative result. An instance of BothGreater is greater than a second instance if both int values are larger, and is lesser than if both int values are smaller. Otherwise compareTo should return 0. The instance passed to compareTo will not be null.

    You will probably need to review the documentation for Comparable. Because we are using the type parameter BothGreater to the Comparable interface, compareTo accepts an BothGreater as an argument.

    More Practice

    Need more practice? Head over to the practice page.